After going through the Yorkshire age class system, he left Malvern College to complete his education, where he was named Young Wisden Schools Cricketer of the Year in 2014. After leaving Malvern College, Kohler-Cadmore made his debut for Worcestershire against a touring senior team from Bangladesh in August 2013. On May 20, 2016 Kohler-Cadmore scored 127 runs from 54 balls for Worcestershire against Durham in the 2016 NatWest t20 Blast. It was the highest single sum for a Worcestershire player in a Twenty20 game.

In June 2017, Yorkshire announced that Kohler-Cadmore had signed an undisclosed length contract to join them again ahead of the 2018 season. He had been banned from the previous game.

In May 2019, the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) withdrew Kohler-Cadmore from the England Lions roster after she was named during the rape trial against Alex Hepburn. Hepburn was found guilty of rape and although the judge said Kohler-Cadmore had "done nothing wrong", the ECB was concerned about the disrespectful news exchanged about women.

On May 25th 2020, Kohler-Cadmore was called up to join a 55-strong group of players to begin training ahead of the international games that begin in England following the COVID-19 pandemic.

On December 1, 2021, he scored the highest single score of all time in T10 history in the Abu Dhabi T10 League against the Bangla Tigers, scoring 96 from just 39 balls